Improvement in base-burning- stoves



S. CULVER.

Stove.l

` Patented Dec. l1, 1868.

ITI/ve IzO?" en W niet

i0 me@ STEPHEN cULvER, or

NEWARK, NEW YORK.

Lette/rs Patent No. 84,537, lated December l, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN BASE-BURNING- STOVES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.

To all whom it 'muy concern: Be it known that I, STEPHEN Cutven, ofNewark,

in the county of lVayne, in the State of New York,

have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Mode of ConstructingStoves; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description of the construction'and operation of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part 'of thisspecification.

My improvement consists- First, in conducting to and 'discharging at thelower extremity of the magazine of a base-burning stove a' curreutof airfor the purpose of keeping the magazine cool, and more perfectly andeii'ectually consuming the fuel used.

Second, in operating the cover to the pan or hopper through which themagazine is supplied, by an internal or concealed hinge; and

Third, in giving the tire-grate both a horizontal and rotary movement bymeans of a divided or double axle.

rlhe particular construction of the stove, apart from my improvement, isnot very material, since the same may be applied to stoves differingconsiderably in style, form, and structure;

Figure 1, of the drawings, is an elevation, exhibit-- ing a View of thefront oi the stove, with one of the doors above the fire-pot open, toshow the relative position of the lower end of the magazine, and withthe cover of the hopper turned back, to show the hinge on which itturns.

Figure 2 is a view of a vertical section through thel centre.

Figure 3 is a view of 'a longitudinal section of the magazine, and shellsurrounding it, presented horizontally, to exhibit the air-channel atthe lower extremity of the magazine.'

Figure 4 is a view of a section of the cover, with a portion of the topplate broken out to show the hinge of the cover. j

Figure 5 is a side view of the fire-grate, with the divisions or partsof the axle in juxtaposition.

Figure 6 is an elevation, presenting a view of the upper surface of thegrate, with the divisions of the axle asunder.

A, iig. 2, is the fire-pot, made of the usual materials, and in anyofthe common ways.

a a, iig. 2, is the cylinder, within which is the firepot, and upthrough which the flame rises to the directexit pipe near the top, inthe rear, or to the extreme upper end, and thence. down the revertedflue b, fig. 2, to thefbase, and thence to the smoke-funnel.

B, iig. 2, is the pan or hopper, through which the magazine is fed, andwhich may also be conveniently used as au oven for bakingr differentkinds of food, and for heating sad-irons.

D, figs. 2 and 3, is the magazine, in which the fuel is deposited, madeof cast-iron or other suitable material, and extending from a few inchesabove the iirepot to the hopper at the top.

c, figs. 2 and 3, is a shell, of cast-iron or other proper material,which surrounds the magazine, and forms, between it and the magazine, anair-channel or chamber, f, figs. 2 and 3. This shell is closed at thetop by a head or diaphragm, g, figs. 2 and 3, and, at the bottom, isleft a little apart from the magazine, thereby forming an annularorifice for the exit ofthe air-current.

As shown at h h., fig. 3, stays are interposed to keep the shell e,figs. 2 and 3, in the proper position relative to the magazine.

The length of the shell may be greater A,or less, according toconvenience or the description of fuel used.-y If bituminous coal, whichmore readily ignites than anthracite, he used, then, the greater thelength, the better, since the current between it and the magazine tendsto keep the same at a lower temperature, and thus prevents the ignitionof its contents. If anthracite coal be used, it may be much shorter.

For the purpose of providing sufficient room for the facile receptionand movement of an ample supply of air, the upper portion of the shellis of greater diameter'than the lower. The lower portion and end shouldbe ofsuch dimensions as to leave between it and the magazine sufficientspace for the discharge of the quantity of air requisite to effect themost perfect combustion, which quantity will depend mainly7 upon thekind and quality of coal used.

The particular form of the shell, and the shape of the chamber formedbyit, are not material. Nor is it essential, though it is better, thatthe magazine and shell should be of even length at the lower end. Theend of one may be a little above that of the other, and the action bequite satisfactory. I Nor is it necessary that an annular slot ororiiice, and that at the'very eX- V tremity of the magazine, should beprovided for the discharge of the air-current, as hereiu'shown, since itmay be delivered in jets, and at or from the side of the magazine,though with diminished effect. Nor is it important that the current ofairshould be conducted to the points of delivery at or near theextremity of the magazine by means of the channel formed by thesurrounding shell, since it may be conveyed there, though much lessconveniently, by a series of ducts or their equivalents.

For supplying air to the chamber surrounding the magazine, tubes orconduits, It lc, iig. 2, of sheet-iron or other fit material, areprovided, which start beneath the bottom plate -of the stove and risebetween the cylinder a a, Iig. 2, holding the iire-pot and the outerjacket of the stove, m m, iig. 2, and pass through the cylinder a, andopen through the shell e into the chambcrf, as shown in fig. 2. Thecapacity of these tubes should he such as to keep the chamber mentioned4constantly charged.'` Two and a half inches internal diameter answerswell for a stove with, fire-pot from twelve to fourteen inches across.It is not strictly essential that the tubes should start' at the pointsmentioned, nor that they should pass through the space described.l` Anyother convenient mode of supplying the chamber would answerfthoughv thefurther below the bottom of the magazine the. conduits be started, thestronger will be the current conveyed.

The tire-pot and magazine being charged with fuel, and the contents ofthe former being ignited, and the slide p, fig. l, in the ash-pit door'adjusted, the lblaze or iiameearrying the gases evolved by the processof combustion, as it ascends, is intercepted by the magazine, anddeflected by it into the passage between the cylinder (L a, tig. 2, andthe shell e, fig. 2, surrounding the magazine, and when the valve in thedirect exit to the smoke-funnel is closed, rises and turns over the topof the cylinder,A and moves down the flue b to the base, and thence tothe funnel.

Asthe flame in its ascent passes the lower end of the magazine, it isimpinged by a thin sheet or current of air there discharged from betweenthe magazine and surrounding shell, the air for the production of thiscurrent having previously risen through the tubes 'k k to the chamber f,and thence descended to the aperture of discharge.

By the employment of this air-current, -in the mannerdescribed, themagazine is kept at a reduced temperature, and the contents renderedless liable to ignition, and a quantity of oxygen is supplied to theflameA and evolved gases, suflicient to effect a complete com bustionof. the different varieties of coal, and thereby utilize the largeproportion of carbonaceous elements ordinarily carried off unconsumedthrough the smokefunnel.

At B, fig. 4., is shown a section of the further side of the pan orhopper, in which is -a recess, lr, for .the

reception of a portion oi the hinge when the cover is closed.

The hinge E, fig. 4, is a curved piece of cast-iron or other metal, oneend of which isifurnished with jour-A nals that rest and turn in boxesformed by sinks in the upper surface of the rim of the hopper, as shownat t, iig. 4, and the other end of which is riveted to the cover, asshown at u, iig. 4.' lVhen the cover is closed, the recess rr receivesthe leg to which the journals are attached, and when thrown back oropened,

v this leg lies beneath the top plate of the stove, and

the one to which the cover is fastened rises and turns above the plate.The relative length and distance asunder of the respective legs of thehinge should be such as that, when the cover is being opened, the hingeshall not interfere with the edge of the opening in the top plate.

The advantages ofthe hinge, constructed as described, are, that it holdsthe cover in position when open, and is always out of sight except whenthe cover is raised.

The grate, iigs. 5 and 6, is supported and operated by a compound ordivided axle, the lower division. ends, and supports the whole weight ofthe grate; and, for the purpose of preventing the grate being obstructedwhen operated horizontally by pieces of coal protruding between thebars, the part of it immediately beneath the grate is depressed, as'shown' in fig. 5. In the middle ofthe depressed part is a boss, w, iig.5, of height equal to the depth of ithe depression mentioned, to whichthe grate is pivoted, and on which it moves when operated horizontally.

rIheI upper division of the axle x, figs. 5 and 6, is attached ixedly tothe grate, as shown in gs. 5 and 6. When the two divisions are broughttogether, and

-are in line, as in fig. 5, a square section is formedby the junction atthe-extremity y, to which the Wrench or-le'ver may be applied, and arotary movement communicated4 to the grate, and the same be turnedpartly over, or bottom side up and wl en the two divisions of the axleare in the position last mentioned, or in a different one relative toeach other, as in fig. 6, the lever may be applied to the upperdivision, and a horizontal movement be communicated to the grate. Inthis manner, by means of the axle constructed as described, the twomovements mentioned are imparted to the f grate-the rotary, foroccasionally discharging the contents of the fire-pot into the ash-pit,and the horizontal, for liberating the ashes from the burning fuel.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure 'by Letters Patent,is-' 1. The air-chamber f, in shape of a frustum of a cone',surrounding' the magazine, and provided with air-inlet passages fromthebase. of the stove, and a narrow throat between its lower end and themouth of the magazine, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. Operating the cover of the'hopper, throughwhioh the magazine issupplied, by means of the concealed hinge, herein described, constructedand arranged substantially as specified.

3. Communicating to the hre-frate both a rotary and horizontal movement,by means of the divided axle, herein described, constructed'and.operated as specified.

Witnesses: STEPHEN. CULVER.

JOEL H. PREsoo'rT, T. Davis Pensootr'r.

of which o, iig. 5, is I This division has a bearing at both

